American indians

Massachusetts Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren appeared to join real American Indians on Saturday when she partied without a mask in defiance of New Mexico’s mask mandate at Home Secretary Deb Haaland’s wedding.

Photos obtained and released by the Washington Free Beacon show Warren with the First Native American Cabinet Secretary at a tribal complex in a state where Democratic Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham has reimposed indoor mask requirements regardless of status vaccination.

Photo of @FreeBeacon shows Elizabeth Warren, Deb Haaland partying without a mask this weekend in defiance of the state’s mask mandate https://t.co/xHWGuhG4mu pic.twitter.com/LqorkABoYs

– Tristan Justice (@JusticeTristan) August 30, 2021

“The reimplemented mask requirement applies to all persons aged 2 and over in all indoor public places – except when eating or drinking,” the Grisham office wrote in an Aug. 17 press release. with the policy expiration date set for September 15th.

A spokesperson for the Home Office wrote in an emailed statement to The Federalist “guests must be vaccinated and wear masks,” to be “in accordance with CDC guidelines and New Brunswick public health orders. -Mexico”.

But Saturday’s no-mask celebrations, illustrated by photos from the Free Beacon, mark the latest episode of Democrats bypassing restrictive COVID protocols imposed by their own statist politicians in liberal enclaves across the country.

Governor Grisham herself became the face of lockdown hypocrisy when local KRQE News 13 reports at the start of the pandemic exposed her by opening a jewelry store to buy expensive jewelry for herself, having already closed the store.

“We are going through a very difficult financial time as a state,” Grisham said a month before her purchase, when she urged residents to stay home and shut down their businesses. “This reflects the incredible personal sacrifices that occur every day because people have a limited ability to work, telecommute and many people have in fact lost their jobs.”

Haaland, 60, married longtime partner Skip Sayre over the weekend in a wedding the Associated Press wrote “incorporated elements honoring his Native American ancestry.” Sayre is an executive with Laguna Development Corp., which manages the gaming and hospitality services for the Laguna Pueblo tribe to which Haaland belongs.

Warren has claimed for decades that she is a member of the Cherokee Nation. Ahead of a DNA test in the run-up to her presidential failure, Warren cited her grandfather’s “high cheekbones” as proof of her ancestry she claimed when teaching law at Harvard. She was even presented by the university as evidence of expanding faculty diversity, and the student newspaper called Warren “the first minority woman to hold office,” according to the Boston Herald in 2012. A 1984 Indian cookbook titled “Pow Wow Chow” also included allegedly “Cherokee” recipes provided by Warren.

Warren apologized for pushing the false identity after the published results of her 2018 DNA test failed to prove that she was a true descendant of American Indians, let alone a member of the Cherokee nation. The test simply showed “strong evidence” of ancestry six to ten generations ago, putting Warren’s lineage between 1/65 and 1/1024 American Indian.

In August last year, the Democratic Party included Warren on an American Indian panel at the Democratic National Convention (DNC).

By Daniel M. Cobb, Ph.D., University of North Carolina

Dominant American federal policies directed at American Indians since the 1880s advanced a vision for the future that one might call the citizenship of uniformity. Some of the more intrusive policies have been implemented by the Office of Indian Affairs. However, despite the uniformly unfair treatment inflicted on them, the reaction of different tribes to American involvement in World War I was quite varied.

Indian Affairs Office

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the agency responsible for exercising federal responsibilities towards tribes, promoted the assimilation of Native Americans. This included local federal agents disrupting the ability of tribal councils and works councils to be autonomous and the imposition of Indian tort courts. The courts were supposed to deal with criminal actions and resolve disputes between members of the tribe. But BIA officials used them to punish Indians for breaking laws imposed by the federal government, such as bans on traditional dances and ceremonies and plural marriages that non-Indians considered uncivilized.

The BIA controlled almost every aspect of Aboriginal life on reserve. In the name of civilization, citizenship and self-reliance, ironically, it perpetuates poverty, helplessness and dependence. Now, based on all of this, one would have expected a fairly uniform – and largely unfavorable – Indigenous response to American involvement in WWI. But it was not. Instead, when the United States entered the war in 1917, American Indians responded in various ways.

Native support for WWI

On the home front, many Aboriginal people supported the war. They planted victory gardens, made monetary and in-kind contributions to the Red Cross, the YMCA and the Salvation Army, and purchased war stamps and some $ 25 million in bonds. Liberty. This monetary donation is even more remarkable when it is juxtaposed with the endemic poverty in the indigenous communities during these years.

Men and women also served the United States as laborers, leaving their reserve homes in search of new work opportunities. This included such things as assembling military vehicles at the Ford Motor Company plant in Michigan and working at the Hog Island Shipyard in Philadelphia.

During this time, some 4 million acres of tribal and allotted land has been leased to non-Indians. In the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, for example, the Lakota rented three-quarters of their pastures so that non-Indians could graze cattle and sheep to produce beef and mutton to send to the ‘foreigner.

Learn more about the allocation of Native American lands.

The natives volunteer for the war

But the American Indians gave even more than their money, their labor and their land to the war effort. Between 12,000 and 16,000 Aboriginal men and women served in the armed forces, a number equivalent to about a quarter of all eligible adults. Despite the fact that many American Indians were not US citizens and therefore not subject to selective service laws, more than 17,000 registered for the project. 3,500 others have volunteered to serve.

Recruiters placed special emphasis on Federal Residential Schools, where a model of military education prevailed, and the curriculum instilled a form of red-blooded American patriotism. In these schools, indigenous youth learned that citizenship required them to serve their country. The Carlisle Indian Industrial School alone provided 205 soldiers.

The reasons given by American Indians for serving in the United States military provide windows into the multiple meanings they ascribed to citizenship and sovereignty, both American and tribal.

This is a transcript of the video series Indigenous peoples of North America. Watch it now, on Wondrium.

Patriotism and American Indians

Certainly, some American Indians probably saw themselves as patriotic Americans fighting for their country. Fred Fast Horse, a Lakota was right. “I wanted to go and fight the Germans,” he told an interviewer, “because they would come here and destroy our free government.” John Victor Adams, a Siletz Indian from Oregon, said: “I felt that no American could be or should be better than the first American.”

Joseph Cloud, a Lakota from Sisseton, South Dakota, said, “My nation gave generously to the military… We knew America’s life depended on its men, and we are Americans.

Here, the terms “my nation” and “we are American” suggest that Cloud did not view American and tribal citizenship as mutually exclusive. Instead, we might think of it as a form of hybrid patriotism.

Learn about how Native Americans adapted to the changes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Fight as an independent

Other indigenous peoples fought in the war without seeing it at all like the United States. The Onondaga and Oneida of the Iroquois Confederacy took this position when in July 1918 they declared war on the Triple Alliance as independent nations and agreed to fight as allies, not subjects, of the United States.

Another group of American Indians fought for the land itself. A Yakama veteran explained that his people had such a strong love for their homeland that it enabled them to overcome feelings of mistrust of the US government. And surely there were Native Americans who joined the service because it provided an opportunity for excitement and adventure, or to bring honor to themselves and their families.

Oppose war

On the other hand, there was open resistance to conscription among the Pueblo, Hopi and Navajo in the Southwest, the White Earth Ojibwe in Minnesota, the Muscogee Creek in Oklahoma, and the Iroquois in New York State. . The conflict over attribution – and the threat that the destruction of communal land ownership posed to control over tribal resources – largely contributed to this dissent.

In the pages of his diary The Tomahawk, Ojibwa White Earth journalist Gustave Beaulieu invoked the widely held idea that World War I was a “war of the rich” and a “fight of the poor”. Beaulieu asked why the Native people should fight for a government in collusion with the capitalist interests that were attacking Indian lands.

Common Questions About Native Americans During World War I

Keep reading
How the Allotment Law dismantled Native American kinship systems
The American Civil War or an uncivil war?
The Modoc and the last Indian wars

The latest census data shows Wisconsin is increasingly diverse with gains among the state’s Black, Hispanic and Asian populations. But, the American Indian and Native Alaskan population has remained largely unchanged over the past decade, declining 0.26 percent to 48,384 people.

Some tribes say the latest count may not provide an accurate picture of tribal communities, as the COVID-19 pandemic has added to already existing challenges the census has faced in counting American Indians.

“The pandemic itself has made it very difficult to get a full count of our community,” said Christopher Boyd, president of the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. “Many tribal members have tried to limit contact, you know we are facing a global pandemic. Not only are we trying to mitigate these dangers, but our population within our community is elderly.”

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The Red Cliff Tribe led more census awareness by phone or email, as 2020 marked the first time people could respond online. But Boyd noted that tribal elders who are more vulnerable to complications from contracting the virus are also more likely to struggle with the technology.

A census website said data was not available on Red Cliff’s auto-response rate, which is the percentage of households that respond on their own. The same was true for Forest Potawatomi County and the Stockbridge-Munsee community. Self-response rates among all other Wisconsin tribes ranged from 23.9% for the Flambeau Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa to 81.2% for the Oneida Nation, which exceeded the response rate of l ‘State of 72.2%.

Oneida Nation city councilor Jennifer Webster attributed their high response rate to education and census planning which began a year before the count.

“We had to make it a priority and educate our members that this is what helps us get federal money for the police, the fire department – all that – and the schools,” Webster said. “These numbers help get more funding.”

The census not only determines the amount of federal funding allocated to reserves, but it also ensures that tribes receive accurate representation in the constituency draw.

According to census data, the counties that are home to the Oneida Reservation have seen a growth in the Native American / Alaska Native population over the past decade. Brown County saw its Native American population increase by about 6% to 6,329, while Outagamie County saw a more nominal increase of nearly 1% to 2,743.

Webster said census officers attended tribal events in the community and in schools to increase their response rate. It got a lot more complex when the COVID-19 pandemic hit.

“We had to let our community know that, yes the surveyors were still coming, but they would be safe,” said Webster. “But, I just don’t think all the tribes have been able to release this information.”

She noted that some may not have the people needed to conduct surveys, which is an issue Red Cliff has faced in previous censuses. The tribe had as many as 25 workers to get an accurate count when they took their own tribal census several years ago, but Boyd estimated that less than half of that number had conducted surveys last year due to of the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic also highlighted a new challenge with the American Indian count when the census was first uploaded: lagging broadband coverage on tribal lands.

“Without face-to-face census surveys, many of our tribal members still struggle to access the internet and technology. We are working on it,” Boyd said. “The lack of consistent internet and telephone services exacerbates the low response rate, especially during the pandemic. “

The Federal Communications Commission found in its report on the 2021 broadband rollout that about 21 percent of tribal land residents lack nationwide broadband coverage. In Wisconsin, about 15% do not have high-speed internet access on tribal lands. The rural nature of reservations often makes it difficult for providers to justify the investment in broadband infrastructure as they experience issues with the field and fewer people who will be using the service.

In 2010, the US Census Bureau found that American Indians living on reserves were underestimated by nearly 5%, more than double the rate for other minority groups.

Rural conditions on reserves and distrust of the federal government have long posed challenges for the census to get an accurate count.

“A lot of our seniors don’t like the government to know who you are (or) where you are,” Webster said.

Boyd of Red Cliff also pointed to the repeated battles for the maintenance of tribal treaty rights as just one example of why tribal members have little confidence in the federal government.

Despite the challenges, census data shows the Native American population has grown by nearly 16% over the past decade to reach 1,612 in Bayfield County, where the Red Cliff Reservation is located.

Meanwhile, other places like Vilas County, where the Flambeau Lake Preserve is primarily located, saw their Native American / Alaska Native populations decline by nearly 5% to 2,181. Flambeau Lake had the lowest self-response rate among tribes in Wisconsin where census information was available.

But the Native American population has also fallen in off-reserve urban areas, with high response rates like Milwaukee County. The Native American population has declined by more than a quarter to 3,878 in Milwaukee County, reflecting a larger trend of population loss in the county over the past decade.

Wisconsin Public Radio can be streamed locally on 91.3 KUWS-FM and on wpr.org.

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The US Census Bureau has struggled for decades to get an accurate count of American Indians, and tribes in Wisconsin say the COVID-19 pandemic has not helped matters.

The latest census data shows Wisconsin is increasingly diverse with gains among the state’s Black, Hispanic and Asian populations. But, the American Indian and Native Alaskan population has remained largely unchanged over the past decade, declining 0.26 percent to 48,384 people.

Some tribes say the latest count may not provide an accurate picture of tribal communities, as the COVID-19 pandemic has added to already existing challenges the census has faced in counting American Indians.

“The pandemic itself has made it very difficult to get a full count of our community,” said Christopher Boyd, president of the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. “Many tribal members have tried to limit contact, you know we are facing a global pandemic. Not only are we trying to mitigate these dangers, but our population within our community is elderly.”

The Red Cliff Tribe led more census awareness by phone or email, as 2020 marked the first time people could respond online. But Boyd noted that tribal elders who are more vulnerable to complications from contracting the virus are also more likely to struggle with the technology.

A census website said data was not available on Red Cliff’s auto-response rate, which is the percentage of households that respond on their own. The same was true for Forest Potawatomi County and the Stockbridge-Munsee community. Self-response rates among all other Wisconsin tribes ranged from 23.9% for the Flambeau Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa to 81.2% for the Oneida Nation, which exceeded the response rate of l ‘State of 72.2%.

Oneida Nation city councilor Jennifer Webster attributed their high response rate to education and census planning which began a year before the count.

“We had to make it a priority and educate our members that this is what helps us get federal money for the police, the fire department – all that – and the schools,” Webster said. “These numbers help get more funding.”

The census not only determines the amount of federal funding allocated to reserves, but it also ensures that tribes receive accurate representation in the constituency draw.

According to census data, the counties that are home to the Oneida Reservation have seen a growth in the Native American / Alaska Native population over the past decade. Brown County saw its Native American population increase by about 6% to 6,329, while Outagamie County saw a more nominal increase of nearly 1% to 2,743.

Webster said census officers attended tribal events in the community and in schools to increase their response rate. It got a lot more complex when the COVID-19 pandemic hit.

“We had to let our community know that, yes the surveyors were still coming, but they would be safe,” said Webster. “But, I just don’t think all the tribes have been able to release this information.”

She noted that some may have run out of people to conduct surveys, which is an issue Red Cliff has faced in previous censuses. The tribe had as many as 25 workers to get an accurate count when they took their own tribal census several years ago, but Boyd estimated that less than half of that number had conducted surveys last year due to of the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic also highlighted a new challenge with the American Indian count when the census was first uploaded: lagging broadband coverage on tribal lands.

“Without face-to-face census surveys, many of our tribal members still struggle to access the internet and technology. We are working on it,” Boyd said. “The lack of consistent internet and phone service exacerbates the low response rate, especially during the pandemic. “

The Federal Communications Commission found in its 2021 Broadband Deployment Report that about 21% of tribal land residents lack nationwide broadband coverage. In Wisconsin, about 15% do not have high-speed internet access on tribal lands. The rural nature of reservations often makes it difficult for providers to justify the investment in broadband infrastructure as they experience issues with the field and fewer people who will be using the service.

In 2010, the US Census Bureau found that American Indians living on reserves were underestimated by nearly 5%, more than double the rate for other minority groups.

Rural conditions on reserves and distrust of the federal government have long posed challenges for the census to get an accurate count.

“A lot of our seniors don’t like the government to know who you are (or) where you are,” Webster said.

Boyd of Red Cliff also pointed to repeated battles for the maintenance of tribal treaty rights as just one example of why tribal members have little confidence in the federal government.

Despite the challenges, census data shows the Native American population has grown by nearly 16% over the past decade to reach 1,612 in Bayfield County, where the Red Cliff Reservation is located.

Meanwhile, other places like Vilas County, where the Flambeau Lake Preserve is primarily located, saw their American Indian / Alaska Native population decline by nearly 5% to 2. 181. Lac du Flambeau had the lowest self-response rate among the Wisconsin tribes where census information was available.

But the Native American population has also fallen in off-reserve urban areas, with high response rates like Milwaukee County. The Native American population has declined by more than a quarter to 3,878 in Milwaukee County, reflecting a larger trend of population loss in the county over the past decade.

More than 630,000 people who identify as American Indian and Alaska Native live in California, an increase of almost 74% from the official figure reported a decade ago, according to new 2020 data released by the US Census Bureau last week.

Zoom out wider to include American Indians singly or in combination with another race, and that number reaches around 1.4 million people: an increase of 94.9% since 2010. This second larger group represents now 3.6% of all Californians, up from 1.9. % ten years ago.

This is a drastic change for a population traditionally among the most underestimated. The Census Bureau reported that American Indian and Alaskan Natives living on reserves were underestimated by 4.9% in the 2010 census, a rate more than double the undercoverage of the population group. closest, black residents in the United States, at 2.1%.

Because census data helps guide the allocation of some federal funding, counting or undercovering can have important financial implications. The answers determine how billions of dollars are distributed each year for programs in Indigenous communities, the state’s census office said.

Many improvements have been made to ensure that the 2020 tally is more successful, said Jesse Fraire, who served as statewide census coordinator for the California Native Vote Project.

“I think that’s a more accurate number of our natives living in California,” he said.

On the one hand, increased coordination and state funding have helped. The state census office made funds available to 110 federally recognized tribes to help educate their members, and ended up making deals with 33 tribal governments.

The office also allocated around $ 1.15 million to the California Indian Manpower Consortium based in Sacramento, which in turn partnered with other Indigenous organizations and invited 80 tribes to conduct their own outreach, according to the Census Office. The California Native Vote Project also received $ 499,000 as a state partner. Outreach efforts focused on Native American communities in rural and urban areas.

Overall, the efforts marked the “largest state commitment to date” in increasing the participation of American Indians and Alaska Natives in the census, the bureau said, for a total commitment of $ 2.9 million.

There was also a better post on how to complete the census form and correctly identify the breed.

“We wanted to make sure people really understood the language on the form itself, so what it meant to be American Indian, Alaska Native, alone or in combination with others,” said Fraire.

The blatant 4.9% undercoverage of a decade ago was a determining factor in bringing about changes in this latest census.

“(This percentage) was probably one of the main slogans of many of our briefing materials, as a way to ensure that community members understand what happened in 2010, and making us a responsibility to make sure that doesn’t happen again, ”he said.

Fraire said he thought the 631,016 Californians who self-identified as American Indians and Alaskan natives on their own were probably still a low number. Many may not have been counted, either out of personal preference or lack of awareness, he said.

“There is a historic distrust of government for many members of our tribal community,” he said.

California, and the nation as a whole, has a dark legacy of sending Native American children to government-run boarding schools, removing American Indians from their lands, and European settlers bringing disease to Native communities. centuries ago, among other atrocities.

“We would run into this every once in a while, where community members did not want to engage with anything related to government,” he said. “So this applies to both the census and other forms of civic engagement, like voting.”

Southern California tribes spread the word

In the Cahuilla Indian Reservation of the Torres Martinez Desert in the eastern Coachella Valley, tribal leaders have been working to disseminate census information to its members since 2019.

The tribe sought to overcome hurdles to get an accurate count of the reservation, including issues with internet connectivity and tribal members’ mistrust of Census Bureau employees going door-to-door. One solution was to turn its tribal headquarters into an internet hub where people could fill out their census questionnaires online, which was available to the general public for the first time in 2020.

“It’s really important for us to try to have an enumerator on site that people know,” added Vice President Joseph Mirelez in 2019.

The Torres Martinez Tribal Council approved a proclamation that year recognizing the importance of the 2020 census. The tribe also worked with the California Native Vote Project and the California Indian Manpower Consortium.

Following: Torres Martinez Tribe Prepare for Count in 2020; governments, non-profit organizations help tribes

Census 2020: California’s population grows 6% and diversifies

“If the numbers were right, we would get the amount that we – well, we’ll never get the amount that we need – we will get more money to help us with issues like housing,” Mirelez said.

Fraire of the California Native Vote Project said it had yet to see specific Census Bureau numbers on counts from various California reserves.

In the larger Riverside County, which encompasses the Torres Martinez Reservation, an additional 20,098 people were counted last year in the category of American Indian and Alaska Natives alone, for a total of over 43,800 people. This is a jump of almost 85% since 2010.

Not only will the new, more accurate census data impact the allocation of federal funds, it will also impact policy recommendations at the local and national levels, Fraire said.

“This can range from strategies to hold elected leaders to account, to strategies to develop policies based on equity regarding voting rights,” he said. “So I think we can use it as a lever for those kinds of deliberations.”

Amanda Ulrich writes for The Desert Sun as a member of the Report for America corps. Contact us on Twitter at @AmandaCUlrich or by email at [email protected]

TULSA – Two Indigenous filmmakers shatter caricatures and stereotypes of American Indians, who from the earliest days of film and television have often played supporting roles or have been portrayed as bloodthirsty killers standing in the way of l white expansion to the west.

Sterlin Harjo, a seminole and muscogee filmmaker from Oklahoma, has teamed up with Taika Waititi, a Maori director from New Zealand, on “Reservation Dogs,” a new series airing Monday on FX on Hulu and starring four restless teens who swear, fight and steal their way to adulthood in a rural Oklahoma town. Shot entirely on the Muscogee Nation reservation in eastern Oklahoma, the network claims the half-hour comedy is the first cable TV show in which all of the show’s regular writers, directors and characters are indigenous.

“To be able to tell a real story about real people through comedy, it’s about time,” said Harjo, who directed “Mekko” and “Barking Water”. “There have been some 130 years of cinema and we are finally showing ourselves as human beings, which shouldn’t be drastic, but it’s pretty drastic today.”

Devery Jacobs, a Mohawk actor from Quebec, Canada, who plays one of the show’s main characters, said working on a set with so many Indigenous actors and crews was a breath of fresh air.

“On many projects, I was the only Indigenous person for miles,” said Jacobs. “Getting on the ‘Reservation Dogs’ set and seeing my community around me, a community of fellow native people from different walks of life, was really to be welcomed home.

“I had never experienced it before, and it meant so much to me, and I know it will mean so much to the public in Turtle Island and beyond,” she said, using a term from many indigenous peoples, mainly in the northeast. part of North America, used to refer to the continent.

Longtime friends and first-time collaborator Waititi and Harjo said the show was born out of discussions about what kind of show they would like to see, and before they knew it, ” had this idea about those kids who had become vigilantes and wanted to clean up their community, ”recalled Waititi, the Oscar-winning writer and director of“ Jojo Rabbit, ”whose credits also include“ Thor: Ragnarok ”and the TV series “What We Do in the Shadows”.

“We weren’t quite sure where he would be, and then we were struck that placing him here would be perfect.”

Shot primarily in the small town of Okmulgee, in eastern Oklahoma, where the headquarters of the Muscogee Nation is located, the show’s restless young characters are familiar beyond native communities and small towns, have said Waititi and Harjo.

“The idea of ​​just wandering around the suburbs or a small community doing nothing, wondering what’s in it for me and what I’m going to do with my life,” Waititi said. “That’s the heart of what drives these kids … a lot of teenagers all over the world, they feel like that.”

Although the characters are not identified as members of a specific Native American tribe, the Muscogee Nation has been heavily involved in assisting with locating, and a public premiere at its River Spirit Resort and Casino in Tulsa drew near. 2,000 people.

“The real value of this show and its portrayal is its authenticity,” said Jason Salsman, spokesperson for Muscogee Nation. “There have been so many years and examples of invisibility, distortion and misuse of Indigenous culture in movies and films.”

“It’s a welcome change,” he said.

Like many of the 39 federally recognized tribes of Oklahoma, the Muscogee Nation diversified its economy with an injection of cash from tribal gambling approved by voters in 2004. The State Supreme Court United also confirmed the nation’s reserve boundaries – 3 million acres (12,100 square kilometers), including most of the city of Tulsa – in a landmark ruling last year on tribal sovereignty .

The show’s production in Oklahoma comes amid a filming boom in the state. The Oklahoma Film and Music Office estimates that the 33 film and television productions, including “Reservation Dogs,” which were eligible for state reimbursement on qualifying expenses, had a direct tax impact of more than $ 161 million. of dollars. Other films shot in Oklahoma include “Killers of the Flower Moon”, https: //www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/aug/12/dogs-smashes-stereotypes-of-american-indians/ “Stillwater” and this year’s Oscar-winning film “Minari”.

Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt, himself a citizen of the Cherokee Nation, passed a bill earlier this year that increases the film reimbursement cap from $ 8 million to $ 30 million per year, which is expected to attract more productions, diversify the state’s workforce and strengthen its film infrastructure.

Associated Press television writer Lynn Elber contributed to this Los Angeles report.

This article was originally published here